![]() ![]() When the beaker is immersed into a container of oil, the beaker becomes invisible.Ĭlick here to download the video clip of this demo. Glass and oil have the same index of refraction. This beaker, with no markings, bends light roughly the same as oil. The demonstration is done on the optical board. The image in inverted.Ī prism demonstrates the dispersion of white light into a spectrum. As an example, a convergent lens forms a real image of a candle's flame on a screen wall. These lenses can be arranged to show various effects and phenomena. Lenses of different sizes, focal lengths and types are available along with lens supports, optical benches and its accessories. Place a clean white sheet on a flat surface in front of the laser to observe the light patterns. They have frosted ends for interfacing with a light beam from a He-Ne laser. Each bar has the dimensions 10 mm x 20 mm x 230 mm. It consists on one straight and one curved bar made from transparent acrylic. Using a helium-neon laser as a light source, one will actually see how an optical fiber transmits light by total internal reflection. It allows one to observe the path of light through a typical optical fiber. ![]() As is rotates, the light transmitted through the optic fiber cables changes colors. The fiber optic set-up is lots of thin fiber optic cables attached to a light source and a rotator. Light is transmitted through the rod and can be seen on the other extremity. The lucite spiral rod has its straight side connected to a light source (pictured below). The beam of light will be trapped on the water "tunnel" and it will be directed downwards with the stream of water.Īn optical fiber and lucite spiral rod is included in this kit. ![]() A laser beam is aligned exactly with this opening such that when the water is allowed to flow, it will show total internal reflection. Other demonstrations areĪ clear plastic cylinder is filled with water and openings where water can flow. The three previously mentioned demonstrations can be used: the Geometrical Optics Blackboard, the Optical Disk, and the Refraction Tank, where a ray of light is reflected internally at the surface between colored water and air. There are many demonstrations for this phenomenon. Various experiments can be performed by rotating the laser/light along the disk. It consists of a semi-cylindrical acrylic strip, fitted on the front and back by semi-circular acrylic plates. The tank is placed in the center of a metal dish with a circular scale marked off in degrees on its edge. This demo is designed to show principles of refraction. This apparatus can be used to demonstrate index of refraction variations, total internal reflection, parallel deviation, prism behavior, etc. All accessories are attached to the board using magnetic handles. ![]() They average 5 cm thick and 20 cm high, being highly visible for the whole class. The optic set includes six magnetically-backed templates.Īccessories include concave and convex lenses, prisms, mirrors and geometrical figures. Each individual reflection still obeys the law of reflection, but the different parts of the rough surface are at different angles.This demonstration uses a Laser Ray Box (Wavelength - 635 nm) that project 5 parallel laser beams onto various flat surfaces. This may cause a distorted image of the object, as occurs with rippling water, or no image at all. Instead of forming an image, the reflected light is scattered in all directions. If a surface is rough, diffuse reflection happens. A ray diagram showing how an image forms in a plane mirror Diffuse reflection In a virtual image, the rays appear to diverge from behind the mirror, so the image appears to come from behind the mirror. This is the type of reflection that happens with a flat mirror. Reflection from a smooth, flat surface is called specular reflection. The diagrams show a water wave being reflected at a barrier, and a light ray being reflected at a plane mirror. The angles of incidence and reflection are measured between the light ray and the normal - an imaginary line at 90° to the surface. The reflection of sound causes echoes.įor example, if a light ray hits a surface at 32°, it will be reflected at 32°. Waves - including sound and light - can be reflected at the boundary between two different materials. ![]()
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